Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, a purely male organ.
Bacterial prostatitis differs from other forms in that it develops as a result of exposure to microorganisms (bacteria). Bacterial prostatitis can be acute or chronic.
The prevalence of bacterial prostatitis in all prostatitis:
- acute prostatitis - 5-10%;
- chronic prostatitis - 6-10%.
Causes of bacterial prostatitis
Most often, this pathology is caused by such microorganisms:
- intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus;
- Proteus;
- klebsiela?
- Enterobacteriaceae;
- serving.
Most of these microorganisms are part of the body's normal microflora. If the body's protective properties are reduced, then these bacteria can cause prostatitis.
Other microorganisms that cause bacterial prostatitis include fungi, chlamydia, hair follicles and ureaplasma.
Factors that contribute to the development of prostatitis:
- hypothermia;
- irregular sex life, abstinence from sex.
- reduced immunity;
- hormonal diseases, accompanied by a lack of male hormones in the body.
- circulatory disorders (blood stasis) in the pelvic organs.
- sexually transmitted diseases.
The development of chronic bacterial prostatitis is also facilitated by:
- systematic untimely emptying of the bladder.
- bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking).
- concomitant diseases of the urinary system (for example, pyelonephritis).
- sedentary life.
Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- general intoxication (weakness, chills, fever).
- pain in the groin and perineum.
- frequent and painful urination, especially at night.
- Urination can be difficult, in rare cases acute urinary retention may develop.
- sometimes purulent whitish or colorless discharge from the urethra occurs.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis is asymptomatic or with a clear clinical picture during remission. When the disease worsens, then its symptoms are similar to those of acute bacterial prostatitis. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, erectile dysfunction can develop.
Diagnosis of bacterial prostatitis
The diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis is made in the presence of the following:
- typical complaints described above.
- During a digital rectal examination, the prostate gland is swollen and painful.
- In the general blood test, there is an increase in the number of white blood cells and an acceleration of the ESR.
- In the general analysis of urine, a large number of leukocytes can be detected.
- also confirm the diagnostic data of prostate ultrasound.
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, there are usually no complaints during the remission period.
To confirm chronic bacterial prostatitis, the presence of bacteria and white blood cells in the prostate gland tissues is determined. To do this, make a smear from the secretion of the prostate gland, which is then studied under a microscope. With bacterial prostatitis, an increased number of leukocytes will be observed in the smear.
Urine or prostate secretion is also inoculated into a nutrient medium to determine the growth and susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics.
Another method for determining chronic prostatitis is to determine the titer of prostate specific antigen (PSA).
Complications of bacterial prostatitis
The most common complication of acute bacterial prostatitis is the transition to a chronic form. This is facilitated by the delayed start of treatment, the interruption of the course of treatment, the irregular taking of medication.
Bacterial prostatitis can also be complicated by a prostate abscess or fistula.
Prevention of bacterial prostatitis
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, the main task is to prevent an outbreak of the disease or reduce the number of relapses. This can be achieved by adhering to the following principles:
- Bladder overflow should be avoided.
- Dress according to the weather so as not to get cold.
- Sex life should be regular, and both long-term abstinence and excessive sexual activity are harmful. Prolonged or interrupted sexual intercourse can also worsen chronic prostatitis.
- In case of occasional sexual intercourse, it is necessary to protect yourself from being infected by sexually transmitted diseases.
- Refuse to abuse alcohol and spicy foods.
- Do not wear tight clothing (especially underwear).
Treatment of bacterial prostatitis
The main drugs used in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis are broad-spectrum antibiotics. The duration of taking antibiotics is 2-8 weeks, depending on the clinical picture of the disease, the presence of concomitant diseases.
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, anti-inflammatory drugs are also prescribed.
For rapid recovery, as well as to enhance the therapeutic effect in chronic prostatitis, prostate massage is prescribed. This procedure helps to clean inaccessible areas of the prostate from microorganisms. But in these areas the bacteria stagnate and multiply, leading to the development of chronic bacterial prostatitis.